Public management is an area of business operations that combines general market management, public policy, philanthropy, negotiation and economics, among related areas. Public managers typically hold academic degrees and work in either nonprofit or governmental organizations.

France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe, with several overseas regions and territories.

A master's degree is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.